In the Eastern Theater, which he studied for only eight weeks, Grant revealed a thorough grasp of the strategic situation. He decided to leave executive command of the Army of the Potomac to George G. Meade in order to give himself time to manage an extensive area of operations stretching from New England to New Mexico, from Minnesota to Mississippi. Grant Waged His Greatest Battle. For Grant, who as a young man had fought in the Mexican War, a conflict in which he did not believe, the Civil War was a war of principle.
Elizabeth D. She is a professor of English at West Point. This essay does not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense or the U. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. Live TV. This Day In History. History Vault. Recommended for you. President Ulysses S. Ulysses S. Twiggs, an officer who had willingly surrendered his command to the rebels.
Cooper was immediately appointed the adjutant general of the Confederate Army, and he later became one of only a few Southern officers to attain the rank of full general. Though he had little influence on field strategy, Cooper still earned his share of enmity from those in the North. While building defenses near Washington, D. David Farragut was arguably the most distinguished American naval commander of the Civil War, but he was initially mistrusted because of his deep connection to the South.
Many U. Farragut finally got his chance at glory in , when he took command of a Union blockading squadron in the Gulf of Mexico. That April, he led his ships on a daring course past two Confederate forts before taking the city of New Orleans—his boyhood home. Promoted to rear admiral in July , Farragut would later see action at Vicksburg and Port Hudson, but his greatest achievement came at the Battle of Mobile Bay in August While leading a fleet past several Confederate forts and ironclads, Farragut lashed himself to the rigging of his flagship to get a better view of the battle.
Full speed ahead! Controversy swirled around John C. A native of Philadelphia, Pemberton attended the University of Pennsylvania before graduating from West Point and embarking on a distinguished military career. He later married a Virginia woman, and after the bombing of Fort Sumter, he was forced to choose between taking up arms against his home state or that of his wife. Despite pleas from both his family and his former commander, Winfield Scott, Pemberton reluctantly resigned his post and joined the Confederacy after Virginia seceded.
Though considered a traitor in the North, Pemberton was also viewed with suspicion by many of his new Confederate colleagues. Winfield Scott was a the longest serving active duty general in United States history. His career was 53 years and at the start of the Civil War was the general in charge of the Union army. At the very start of the war he had realized that his age and health problems could cause issues and so offered his command to Robert E Lee who refused it.
Scott developed a slow plan to destroy the Confederacy which was in opposition to public opinion for a swift campaign. His plan, called the "Anaconda Plan" by opponents was meant to defeat the south with a naval blockade and an invasion of the Mississippi river valley.
It was ultimately this plan that was followed by the Union armies. Scott was replaced by George McClellan. George B. McClellan December 3 - October 29 George McClellan was th e chief general of the Union army in the beginning of the Civil war, taking over after Winfield Scott.
He was an efficient planner and organizer but was criticised for being overly cautious, allowing Confederate armies to escape and prolonging the war. Lincoln eventually removed him from command.
He later was the Democratic party candidate against Lincoln, running on a platform of a negotiated peace with the Confederacy. Sherman's capture of Atlanta ended any Presidential hopes. After the war he served as governor of New Jersey.
Winfield Scott Hancock February 14 - February 9 WInfield Scott Hancock no relation to General Winfield Scott; he was only named in honor of him was a Union general known for his leadership at the Battle of Gettysburg. After the war he served in the South as a part of Reconstruction and in the West against the Indians. Ambrose Everett Burnside May 23 - Spetember 13 General Ambrose Burnside was a popular Union general.
He is more well known for the style of facial hair he maintained which are called sideburns after him. George G. Meade December 31, — November 6, Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg. After the war he served as a part of various military commands in the south as part of Reconstruction. Joshua Chamberlain September 8, — February 24, Joshua Chamberlain was a brigadier and later major general in the Union army during the Civil war.
Known specifically for leading the defense and victory at Little Round Top during the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg.
Later when the war ended Chamberlain preside over the parade of the Confederate infantry as part of their formal surrender at Appomattox Court House on April Chamberlain ordered his men to come to attention and "carry arms" as a show of respect while the Confederates surrendered. After the war he served as governor of Maine and as a professor at Bowdoin College. Philip Sheridan March 6, — August 5, Philip Sheridan was a Union general closely associated with Ulysses Grant and who during the war defeated and devestated the Shenandoah Valley region.
After the war Sheridan played large roles in the military reconstruction of the south and later in fighting Indian wars in the American west. He was also responsible for the development of Yellowstone National Park. Abraham Lincoln February 12 - April 15 Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States and the first Republican elected to that office.
Lincoln was president during the Civil War, with his election being cited by southern states as one of the reasons for their succession. Lincoln's two terms in office saw the Union defeat the Confederacy and the abolition of slavery in the United States.
Lincoln was assassinated in , the first American President to die in that manner. Frederick Douglass February - February 20 Frederick Douglass was a major African-American abolitionist, reformer, and writer. Douglas, who escaped slavery himself, was famous before and during the Civil war as an orator and writer fighting for abolition. His autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, detailed his life as a slave and is still read today.
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