Turkish officials accept that atrocities were committed but argue that there was no systematic attempt to destroy the Christian Armenian people. Turkey says many Muslim Turks also died in the turmoil of war. The Young Turks - an officers' movement that had seized power in - launched a series of measures against Armenians as the Ottoman Empire was crumbling through military defeats in the war. Turkish propaganda at the time presented the Armenians as saboteurs and a pro-Russian "fifth column".
Armenians mark the date 24 April as the start of what they regard as the genocide. That was when the Ottoman government arrested about Armenian intellectuals and community leaders. They were later executed. Armenians in the Ottoman army were disarmed and killed. Armenian property was confiscated. Several senior Ottoman officials were put on trial in Turkey in in connection with the atrocities. A local governor, Mehmed Kemal, was found guilty and hanged for the mass killing of Armenians in the central Anatolian district of Yozgat.
The Young Turks' top triumvirate - the "Three Pashas" - had already fled abroad. They were sentenced to death in absentia. Historians have questioned the judicial procedures at these trials, the quality of the evidence presented and the degree to which the Turkish authorities may have wished to appease the victorious Allies.
Argentina, Brazil, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia and Uruguay are among the more than 20 other countries which have formally recognised genocide against the Armenians. In some cases the recognition has come in parliament resolutions, not from governments. Among the most significant was that of the US Congress in US governments had held back for decades, partly because Turkey is the second-biggest military power in Nato and strategically vital for the West.
The US hosts the largest Armenian diaspora after Russia, estimated at more than a million. Turkey reacted angrily after Pope Francis called it "the first genocide of the 20th Century" in the run-up to the centenary commemorations. But decades of stigma and fear still proved a difficult barrier for many to overcome. Turkey backslid on its short-lived liberal moment, a process that began in with the crackdown on the Gezi Park protests and accelerated sharply following the coup attempt in July At the same time, Turkish Armenians have found new hope in seeing a revived interest in Yerevan, the capital city in the Republic of Armenia, a former Soviet state.
An estimated 22, Syrian Armenians have fled to Armenia since the war began in Most Turkish Armenians had little contact with the Republic of Armenia, divided first by the Cold War and then by the closed border that has existed between Turkey and Armenia since , which was declared as a gesture of Turkish support for Azerbaijan during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.
Ten years ago, many Turkish Armenians dreamed of a [US] green card. Now they want [Republic of Armenia] citizenship instead. There are various opinions and myths about the origins of the Armenians. According to the tradition, they beleive to be descendants of Japeth, son of Noah. When the Ark landed on Mt. Ararat , Noah's family first settled around the mountain and in Armenia and later moved south to the land of Babylon, but then returned to the land of the Ark because of the tyranny in Babylon.
According to the Greek historian Herodotus , the Armenians originally lived in Thrace and then moved into Asia Minor crossing Phrygia and all the way to the lands around Euphrates river which later became Armenia.
Herodotus also states that Armenians came from two separate directions; one group from Thrace and Phrygia in the West, and the other group from Mesopotamia in the Southeast. Armenian population of Turkey dwindling rapidly: Patriarch.
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